Ethics Of The Tobacco Industry Essays - 1022 Words

Ethics of the Tobacco Industry The tobacco industry is a very unethical industry, due to the long term effects of tobacco on humans. The industry also does not assess the ethical and social responsibility the best way that it should. There are many factors that make the industry unethical; some of the reasons are the way the cigarette companies around the world Advertise, the way governments and cigarette companies make a huge profit from the sales of cigarettes, and the labeling health risks. I do believe however that there is something that the tobacco companies can do to better their strategy as far as their ethics go. I think that they should, always be looking for the best interest on their consumers, as well as advertise strictly†¦show more content†¦This problem of creating a trendy stylish image of cigarettes are hurting many people by recruiting new young smokers from all around the world, winning over sales due to the false image and then addiction. Third world cou ntries are hurt the most by this unethical way of advertising because they don’t have money for this extra expense that they now need due to addiction. Critics claim that sophisticated promotions in a unsophisticated societies entice people who cannot afford the necessities of life to spend money on luxury- and a dangerous one at that. Every cigarette manufacturer is in the image business, and tobacco companies say their promotional slant is both reasonable and common. They point out that in the Third World a lot of people cannot understand what is written in the ads anyway, so the ads zero in on the more understandable visual image. Due to actions such as this and the negative effect it has on people economically and physically, this is a good example of how the tobacco industry is unethical. Another source of concern is the tar and nicotine contest of cigarettes. A 1979 study found three major US brands with filters had 17 milligrams of tar in the US, 22.3 in Kenya, 29.7 in Malaysia, and 31.1 in South Africa. Another brand with filters had 19.1 milligrams of tar in the US, 28.8 in SouthShow MoreRelatedThe Ethical Issues Of The Tobacco Industry879 Words   |  4 Pagesproposed to stop tobacco companies from advertising their products in India. As you can imagine this did not sit well with many. There are always people on both sides of the fence when it comes to these bans. Managers face many ethical challenges. Most companies have a code of ethics they must follow. In this case analysis we are going to be looking at the ethical issues and challenges Managers in the tobacco industry in India face as well as the pros and cons of banning tobacco advertising. WhenRead MoreEthics And Public Relations : How People View Right And Wrong, Good And Bad1337 Words   |  6 PagesBreit argues, ‘Ethics affect how people view right and wrong, good and bad, what is responsible and the effectiveness of accountability’. Discuss why public relations has operated with a ‘thin’ understanding of ethics in the twentieth century and how this caused complex problems for society. Are there alternative ethical approaches that could be used in public relations that would remedy this? Discuss using the relevant theoretical perspectives covered in Topics 1 and 2. During the twentieth centuryRead MoreAmericas Smoke Screen-Portion Essays1168 Words   |  5 Pages This paper will examine the history of the tobacco industry and its advertising campaigns from the 1920s to the present. Some of the issues discussed in this paper will include: What forms of mass communication has tobacco companies used to persuade the public, how changes in technology have influenced the way tobacco companies communicate with target audiences, and how the United States government restrictions affect the current efforts of tobacco companies advertising strategies. Other topicsRead MoreScientific Method and Research Essay1210 Words   |  5 Pagesalso lead to other research studies in the future. 4. Discuss the issue of ethics and social research (Give examples to support how research could be harmful to human life. Ethics require explicit standards – simplified, in order to have ethics one needs to know the distinction between right and wrong. Fundamental principles are used while conducting any type of research; these are referred to as the â€Å"Code of Ethics†. This code was formed and pieced together in 1971. This code was assembledRead MoreEthical Issues for Advertising Tobacco Products Across1129 Words   |  5 PagesEthical issues for advertising tobacco products across borders. A case for Social Contract Theory Question 1: How can SCT and ISCT address the controversial nature of advertising and promoting cigarettes across international borders? Base on the case study, The Social Contract Theory  (SCT) generates a workable framework for solving ethical issues: * Sets main principles relevant to the organization in question * Recommends different principles for different communities * DeterminesRead MoreThe Ethics of Tobacco Advertisement1738 Words   |  7 PagesKatie Simer Professor M. Harutunian English 101 21 September 2011 The Ethics of Tobacco Advertising Can one limit what is advertised? Who is to say whether cigarette advertising is ethical? There have been many bans on tobacco advertising. There is a notion that advertising cigarettes is unethical because society has claimed it to be. Smoking has been one of the biggest parts of advertising for decades. Doctors would promote certain cigarettes. Many believed cigarette smoking to be a way to relieveRead MoreBan On Tobacco Advertisements By The Government Of India Essay736 Words   |  3 PagesUnit 4 Ban on Tobacco Ads by the Government of India I remembered years ago the California Supreme Courts forced RJ Reynolds to remove their mascot, Joe Camel from all its products. RJ Reynolds would argue that this advertising had nothing to do with selling cigarettes or marketing to minors. This is not a new concept for California, as early as the 1920’s Hollywood has glamorized smoking. It is clear, the direction that the tobacco companies wanted to have a say. The tobacco companies paidRead MoreShould Tobacco Advertising Be Banned?897 Words   |  4 Pageshealth hazard that arises from tobacco, I am of the opinion that tobacco advertising be ban completely in Indian. Ethics is a system of moral principles governing the appropriate conduct of a person or a group. It is a way of being human and having a feeling of compassion, sympathy or regard for others the way we have for ourselves. There is this famous saying of Abraham Lincoln â€Å"When I do good, I feel good; when I do bad, I feel bad. That’s my religion.† Managers of tobacco companies cannot pretend theyRead MoreShould Tobacco Advertising Be Banned? Essay897 Words   |  4 Pageshealth hazard that arises from tobacco, I am of the opinion that tobacco advertising be ban completely in Indian. Ethics is a system of moral principles governing the appropriate conduct of a person or a group. It is a way of being human and having a feeling of compassion, sympathy or regard for others the way we have for ourselves. There is this famous saying of Abraham Lincoln â€Å"When I do good, I feel good; when I do bad, I feel bad. That’s my religion.† Managers of tobacco companies cannot pretend theyRead MoreThe Argument Against Ban On Tobacco Related Advertising850 Words   |  4 PagesWRITTEN ASSIGNMENT: UNIT 4 – ETHICS CASE STUDY The arguments in favor of the ban on tobacco related advertising in India are plentiful. First, proponents of the ban assert that the state has the right to intervene in the name of public health. Second, there are other precedents for dangerous or potentially dangerous products’ advertising being restricted such as firearms or pharmaceuticals. Third, tobacco related deaths are projected to increase over the next few years and we need to take action

Essay on Comparing Gilgamesh to Genesis - 772 Words

Comparing Gilgamesh to Genesis In both Gilgamesh and Noah and the Flood, man’s wickedness leads to death, destruction, and rebirth all caused by billions of gallons of water sweeping the earth’s surface. The flood in both stories destroys most of mankind. The floods represent rebirth and a new beginning for mankind, as well as the gods and God’s wrath. In Gilgamesh the gods decide to destroy mankind by flooding the earth for six days and nights. Utnapishtim is chosen to build a boat in order to restart mankind after the flood. In the Bible God also decides to flood the earth due to the increase in wickedness. God chooses Noah to build an ark and store seven pairs of every clean animal and two of every other kind of animal on it†¦show more content†¦171-172) This quote describes how long God will have the rain go for. It also gives orders to Noah from God to collect all the animals. Noah and his family are the only ones chosen by God to survive the massive flood. After living right outside Houston for so many years, the flood in Gilgamesh seems more realistic because it only rains for 6 days and nights. I can’t imagine it raining here for 40 days and nights. God Promises Noah he will never flood the earth again by creating a rainbow. He describes it by saying: ‘I now establish My covenant with you and your offspring to come, and with every living thing that is with you. – birds, cattle, and every wild beast as well – all that have come out of the ark, every living thing on earth. I will maintain My covenant with you: never again shall all flesh be cut off by the waters of a flood, and never again shall there be a flood to destroy the earth.†(Genesis pg. 174) This is Gods way of letting Noah know that he will never again flood the earth again. In Gilgamesh, Utnapishtim is chosen to survive the great flood because he too is faithful to his lord, God Ea. They each prepare for their journey by building a large boat, and bringing with them two of every animal and their families. Noah’s ark is thirty cubits high, and three stories while Utnapishtim’s boat is two hundred feet tall, with sixShow MoreRelatedComparing the Epic of Gilgamesh and Genesis1005 Words   |  5 Pages The Epic of Gilgamesh has many similarities to the Bible, especially in Genesis and it’s not just that the both begin with the letter â€Å"g†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢! One major similarity being the flood story that is told in both works. The two stories are very similar but also very different. Another being the use of serpents in both works and how they represent the same thing. A third similarity being the power of God or gods and the influence they have on the people of the stories. Within these similarities there areRead MoreComparing G enesis And The Epic Of Gilgamesh945 Words   |  4 PagesWhile the book of Genesis in the bible and The Epic of Gilgamesh have striking similarities in the sense of creation and the great flood, the interactions between the divine beings and humans differ greatly. One matter that impacts the entire relationship between gods and humans in both accounts is that the gods in the epic are not almighty beings like God in Genesis since they cannot control each other’s domains. Because of this, they must travel from place to place and work with other gods to carryRead MoreComparing Genesis And The Epic Of Gilgamesh940 Words   |  4 PagesWhile Genesis in the bible and The Epic of Gilgamesh have striking similarities in the sense of creation and the great flood, the interactions between the divine beings and humans differ greatly. One matter that impacts the entire relationship between gods and humans in both accounts is that the gods in the epic are not almighty beings like God in Genesis since they cannot control each other’s domain. Because of this, they must travel from place to place and work with other gods to carry out a certainRead MoreComparing and Contrasting the Floods in Genesis and The Epic of Gilgamesh588 Words   |  3 PagesThe floods in Genesis and The Epic of Gilgamesh are in no doubt different but in so many ways similar. The two men are given a task to save humankind from a flood and succeed and are rewarded. The major basic events that take place in the stories a similar however the smaller details of them and how they are carried you are different. They two also tells us a lot about the relationship between humans to Divinity. The floods in The Epic of Gilgamesh and Genesis 6-9 are very similar. In both theRead More Comparing the Epic of Gilgamesh Flood Myth and Book of Genesis Biblical Flood Myth1792 Words   |  8 PagesComparing the Gilgamesh and Genesis Floods      Ã‚  Ã‚   The rendition of the historic, worldwide Flood recorded in Genesis of the Old Testament is similar to the account recorded on Tablet 11of the Sumero-Babylonian version of the epic of Gilgamesh, discovered in the 1800’s by British archaeologists in Assyria. Let us compare the two in this essay.    Alexander Heidel in his book, The Gilgamesh Epic and Old Testament Parallels, provides a background for the survivor of the Sumero-BabylonianRead MoreGilgamesh VS â€Å"Genesis†: Noah and the Flood1121 Words   |  5 Pagesthe passage of time- Richard Dawkins†. We all know the breath taking story of the Genesis flood, but have we ever noticed how similar it is to the Epic of Gilgamesh. Genesis is the story of how one God created mankind, along with everything else on Earth, and what punishments he put upon them when they acted wrong .Genesis is a chapter in the Holy Bible, which was written in the 18th century B.C. by Moses. Genesis is a Hebrew story about the creation of life and how God once destroyed it and EarthRead MoreEssay on The Theme of Knowledge in Gilgamesh and Genesis940 Words   |  4 Pagesvariation but the main structure, ideas, and themes are generally found correlative. It is hard to believe that one work did not affect the others. The first great her oic epic poem of Gilgamesh and the Old Testament are parts of two cultures that are hundreds of years apart. Whereas Gilgamesh is a myth and the book of Genesis is the basis of many religions, they both have notably similar accounts of symbols, motifs, meaningful events according to the relationship between the divine and humans in literatureRead MoreFlood, Atrahasis Flood And The Epic Of Gilgamesh Flood1354 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the Genesis Flood, Atrahasis Flood and the Epic of Gilgamesh flood, there are many different ways to interpret the different views of The Flood. These different narratives in these stories have their own explanation on how this myth took place and the different beliefs that occurred during this flood. The way you portray each narrative is based on what exactly your beliefs are. When comparing the Genesis Flood narrative to that of the Gilgamesh Flood narrative, there are many similarRead MoreSimilarities Between Gilgamesh And Noah818 Words   |  4 Pagesbooks of the Pentateuch, and the Confusion of Tongues compared to the Tower of Babel. However, I will focus on the Epic of Gilgamesh, comparing and contrasting it to the Biblical narrative of Noah. While both the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Biblical narrative of Noah explore a global flood, there are key differences in their use of gods and the specific details of the flood. Gilgamesh and the Biblical narrative of Noah seem to parallel each other. First, both have a significant protagonist, UtnapishtimRead MoreSimilarities Between Paradise Lost And Paradise Lost1239 Words   |  5 Pagesepics of antiquity. The epics are Paradise Lost, Aeneid, The Epic Gilgamesh, and The Iliad. The most obvious difference is era. Paradise Lost is an epic poem from the 17th century and is written in blank verse which is the most modern phrasing method. According to an article on Enotes, out of the other three epics, the Iliad and Aeneid came from the same dactyllic family. (â€Å"Compare Miltons Paradise Lost†). Meanwhile The Epic Gilgamesh is more old-fashioned in its verse Between the four books there

Westernisation’s Benefits Free Essays

Everything has its two sides and Westernisation is not an exception. Although westernisation caused a lot of changes to a country, we can’t deny the benefits that it brought back for the humans’ development. First of all westernisation highlighted the turning point in the evolvement of human society. We will write a custom essay sample on Westernisation’s Benefits or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a result, many transcendent inventions, which didn’t only help people to solve global problems as well as personal problems in life but they also created bases for further inventions, had appeared during the westernisation. In addition, westernisation was also regarded to a part of globalisation in which countries had chances to approach cultural beauty of the others. Firstly, westernisation is an axiomatic evidence of the breakthrough in the history of human development during the industrial revolution period. The labour’s productivity improved considerably because of the appearance of new machines with new technology. Before the industrial revolution in Britain, most of works were done by hand and therefore they took a lot of time, exertion to complete with low quality of products. However, when the industrial revolution began to outbreak with mechanisation of the textile industries, the development of iron-making techniques and the increased use of refined coal, the face of world’s economy changed eternally. Specifically, machines have helped humans in working faster and producing better quality products. Industrial revolution marked milestone of the change in work mechanism: from manual labour towards machine-based manufacturing. We can say that westernisation created a base for the vigorous development in world’s economy currently. Moreover, westernisation in some developing countries has helped their residents approach to the new technology that they had never seen before. As an example, when televisions were imported in some developing countries such as: Vietnam, Laos, Cuba†¦, the people began to realize a new and smart tool that give them news about the world every day or just entertainment such as film or music. The consequential appearance of new technology during westernisation increased the humans’ perception about the world around them and knowledge also. Can people nowadays increase their understanding about everything in every aspect of life without the base of westernisation? Secondly, westernisation brought to humans many inventions that can help them to solve some key problems of the world as well as individual to boost the quality of life. The appearance of many high buildings shows the intelligence of people after westernisation because it is an evidence of how people use the space that Nature gave them. As the population of the world are increasing second by second, there will be one day when there is no land for people to live. The construction of building is not only a smart back up for the future but it is also a way in which people use their knowledge to utilize the natural resources. Not only that, with the development of technology, people also found vicarious energy for the fossil energy which will be depleted in near future such as wind, waves, sunlight†¦ Therefore, we can say that westernisation helped us in finding resolution for the global problems that threatened the world day by day. In addition, the westernisation also provides each individual solution for his/her daily problems that arise abruptly. For example, the invention Internet which seems to be an integral part of the information development solved problem about contacting between 2 individuals. Instead of sending a long letter which takes a lot of several days to another person, we can access to the internet and send an email with a short content wherever we are – that is really simple. People seemed to managed their times better than the past because they can do work faster and more effectively. That is just a discernible example in the innumerable benefits that westernisation brought to the humans. Finally, the westernisation was also a pre-globalisation which connects country to another to form a uniform world where the development increases unstoppably. Approaching to another country’s innovation is an inevitable result of this process. Most developed and holistic nations where every indicator of a developed country is over expected: European countries and the USA are sharing their innovation to developing countries in order to help those countries more developed and out of emergency group. They might send more of their professor to developing countries on the purpose of transferring technology and new invention in industry or agriculture. More students from the developing countries have more chances to catch up the modern education in US universities or European Universities. Those evidences show the basic definition of globalisation where many cultures are mixing in the same society, which creates the diversity in nationality and custom. Globalisation also makes the gap between poor countries and rich countries become smaller. Westernisation is a small part of that globalisation where all countries share their own culture to each other, learn from each other and develop together. It makes the world becomes united without the differences in skin colour, developed level†¦ Overall, the benefits that Westernisation brought back to the humans are uncountable. On the other hand, the disadvantages that it brought in the past couldn’t make the world developed in the worse direction and the best evidence for that is we are writing this essay in modern condition with air condition and bright light. Thanks for westernisation, we are living in the best condition and get benefited from the fantastic invention. How to cite Westernisation’s Benefits, Papers

Organizational Theory Post Modernist and Critical Theory

Question: Discuss about theOrganizational Theory for Post Modernist and Critical Theory. Answer: Introduction Organizational theories are based on three perspectives which are modern, symbolic-interpretive and the post modern theory. All these theories have a different perspective as per the given situation when it is about managing an organization. A company makes huge profit that is based on the ability of the CEO. Investment decisions are taken by the CEO which is measured in terms of profit and loss. The data recognized by post- modernist in case of gender equity helps in understanding the amount of difference in the sector. Post Modernist approach makes those set of rules and guidelines that can be followed by the people working in the organization Post-Modernist does focus on the rationalization of organizational practices. They are more concerned for attaining efficiency and effectiveness. The modern mind is trained for progress both scientifically and productively According to them the behavior of an individual at work depends upon his value, attitude and belief. Hence behavior of th e work force can be changed to managerial end by focusing upon shared attitude (Hatch and Cunliffe,2013). There is a positive correlation between the organizational performance and the strength of the corporate culture. It highly influences individual behavior when they share similar goals. Whereas the critical theory focuses on analyzing the HRD policy challenges the suppression of human knowledge to gain justice, equality, and fairness. This also improves the performance o each and every individual working in an organization. Workers need to have a structure in order to accomplish the pre-determined goals (Delgado and Stefancic, 2012). The essay is reflects the contrast in between the two perspective. Firstly it describes the role of gender equity at workplace according to the post-modernist perspective. Secondly it critically analyzes the role of Deconstructing the Privilege and Power of Employee Engagement at workplace. The critical theory focuses on the changing society and the role played by different social background in managing it. In context of the privilege and position it describes the role played by an employee and an organization in attaining significant position. Critical theory analyzes the behavior of an individual towards the organization in building a suitable position (Lenski, 2013). According to (Shuck. et al.2016) the aspect of critical management studies and critical pedagogy the rising critical human resource development is one of the important aspects against the well defined theories and practices. A significant HRD policy challenges the suppression of human knowledge to gain justice, equality, and fairness. A critical HRD is based on decisive viewpoint that help in formulating diversity of theoretical improvement which includes discursive, gendered, materialist, and anti-racist. An imaginary ideological contradicts in between the radical course of action and critical theory. The managerialist or performative frames activities in synchronization while coordinating in between the other departments. In a given scenario Human Resource Practice are in full coordination with other area. Probable configurations of a HRD plays an important role in meeting the ongoing needs. This organizational theory provides a clear job description in order to set genuine objectives. All these Functions are important in setting the rules for attaining organizational objectives. This theory helps in attaining goals in an effortless manner. The Post-modernist diverges from the other perspective on the basis of unwillingness to make ontological and epistemological changes. They undertake a very critical approach to an issue and their approaches are challenging under the social domain (Mahoney and Thelen, 2009). Critical theory has a different approach when compared with the post modernist theory. In case of inequality at workplace the theory focuses on the changes taking place in the society. According to Deconstructing the Privilege and Power of Employee Engagement - Critical Theorist Perspective it is focused on the change in status of characteristics that unearned privilege are easy but more powerful. (Why Critical theory got introduction on article but not post modernist?, please add in same for post modernist article) The higher a persons designation at workplace, the more likely is the chances to be rewarded within the organizational hierarchy. This perspective discusses an open intervention related to the unearned experience. It is however related with Critical theory however put a challenge on the traditional way of doing work. They are using those methods which are necessary for responding to the ongoing situation. According to them there is a distinction in the market situation th at will either provide privilege in accordance to the changing needs. the result on ongoing distinction in between the employees has become more complex. Weber has described that the society is split into distinct sub parts. Within the class there is also a distinction in terms of the sub-class in the society. Feminisms lean to dispute that empirical, scientific approaches to research are masculine in procedure. Women have faced inequality in the society since very beginning. Women still do not have full rights at the workplace. Society is more inclined towards the patriarchal society. Gender inequality arises due to inequality arising out of capitalism. The arrival of the feminist theory arrived due to breakdown of the capitalist economy. Women are often seen as choosing part time work instead of the full time work. The two most important context related to the critical perspective is the power of the organization and the power over the organization. Callahan focus on the third kin d of transformational power related to the critical perspective. Engagement into the business activity is more important to attain support from each and every activity (Dutton and Ragins, 2007; Putnam and Mumby, 2013). Postmodern theory diverges from the rest of the perspective on the basis of its unwillingness to understand the truth or to make permanent commitments. Therefore it is necessary to understand the implication of equality at workplace under the post modernist approach. The article Trapped by metaphors for organizations: Thinking and seeing womens equality and inequality - Post Modernist Perspective showcases the privilege given to women at workplace. Post modern theory tries to fit in between the philosophical positions. They refuse to take a temporary philosophical stand because doing those privileges would forms awareness over others and this disobeys postmodern ethics. Post modernism is associated with the introduction into the organizational culture while dealing with the organizational and cultural issues (Manning, 2012). Organizational culture is considered to be one of the important parts while dealing with the post-modern approach. The theory related to Attention to discourse s uggests that, those researchers who are interested in the post-modern theory give more importance to 'culture' than others. It does not have very much in common as organizational culture can be considered as a part of the discursive formation. The major influences on post-modernism have been White and Foucault. Post-modernism has shifted their emphasis away. They have shifted their interest from seeing archival research towards a view that is the conference and traditions of writing However organizations are taking all possible efforts to understand the possible outcome and taking possible efforts to strengthen authority with their acquaintance(March, 2013). The relationship between concepts is changing due to undefined word or concepts. These theories are developed on the basis of decisively examining the postulations of major theories. These theories are making an attempt to establish the totality of human survival. Post-modernism consider the notion that the past repeats itself i n a consistent form. Inequality at work on the basis of gender is a common issue. All the three perspective can be compared by using the organizational structure that is social and physical in nature. The social structure is defined as a connection in between the individuals working at different department. The social structure concept was developed by Max Webber which is called as a systematic study of bureaucracy (Hatch and Cunliffe, 2013). Michel Foucault was the greatest French philosopher contributing towards the postmodern perspective. It helps in defining the role and responsibilities of each and every individual working in an organization and setting their role as per the hierarchy. Flat organizational structure has more division as compared to the hierarchy structure. Their focus is to carry out the work in an effective and efficient manner by primarily focusing on each and every aspect attached with the organization (Mendenhall, 2012). Different people have different type of feelings and experiences. It can be noticed that the routine remain the same but they are applied in a different manner by different individual. An unpredicted incidence can cause improvisation in routine activities. They see an organization as a community and act accordingly (Chia, 1995). The power theory therefore belongs to the post modernist perspective is more critical in their approach towards power (Clarke, 2005; Hatch and Schultz, 2010).The deconstruction of the privilege and power is focused on exploring four principles that are based on one who controls the context of work, secondly on one who determines the experience of engagement, Thirdly on the value of engagement and lastly on the benefits derived from high levels of engagement. The organizations and employees are both benefitted from the result associated with the knowledge of employee commitment. The organization is exclusively located to control all the system of power and pri vilege. Organizations can attain desired level of engagement through an obligation while manifestation of privilege in unequal states of power, credibility and access. According to the post-modernist there is no proper structure in an organization because they believe that there are no boundaries. They apply approaches like de-differentiation, de-centralization and de-constructingin achieving organizational goals. Post- Modernist does follow an actual method which is recognized by majority of people working in an organization. They have a restriction on surpassing the hierarchy level but the post-modern provide with recourses and technology where people have to set their own ideology. They have their own mindset which is concerned with doing things in a different manner. According to them each individual has a different method to get their work done. Post modernist organizations are moreover considered as a feminist organization as they believe that every individual has equal rights (Tsoukas and Knudsen, 2005). Organizational culture is important for developing a cohesive environment at workplace. It needs to ensure that the degree of participation is well-defined to create more awareness among the participants. There are three level of culture defined in an organization hierarchy which is as follows: artifacts, values, and assumptions (Fleetwood, 2005). These are the different set of norms as established by the organization in order to accomplish mission and vision as mentioned to employees. As per the post modernist Approach there is a huge impact of the corporate culture in an organization. Employees share similar goals in a modern organization and argue that the external factors have a huge influence in order to improve the performance. The external changes according to them help in catching up with the changing environment. Quantitative method is used to analyze the degree of change occurring in an organization which is used to relate with the performance and adaptation. Various different tools are used by the researchers in order to understand the relationship in between the organizational structure and culture (Hosking and McNamee, 2006). It is important to understand that the organization exist in terms of different perspective. They focus on different theories and procedures in order to explore organizational culture. In term of both the theories it is important to understand the theory related to the privilege at work as a critical approach. It is evident that the concept of privilege is evident at work. It is important to be understood at this situation that it is at this intersection of privilege and meaningful work. This makes engagement a potentially privileged state for an employee at work. Both the individual and the workplace has a benefit from engagement but organization has more power than employee. Equality at work place is in according to the post-modernist approach depending upon the Feminist standpoint theory. The theory aims on an epistemic privilege over the character of gender relations. The gender as per the theory describes the viewpoint of feminist at work. It describes it on the basis of the post-modernist perspective. The post modernist theory therefore emerged as an obscure jargon. They describe themselves as the system of the thoughts that are important to manage equality at workplace. References Chia, R., 1995. From modern to postmodern organizational analysis.Organization studies,16(4), pp.579-604. Clarke, A., 2005.Situational analysis: Grounded theory after the postmodern turn. Sage. Delgado, R. and Stefancic, J., 2012.Critical race theory: An introduction. NYU Press. Dutton, J.E. and Ragins, B.R.E., 2007.Exploring positive relationships at work: Building a theoretical and research foundation. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. Fleetwood, S., 2005. Ontology in organization and management studies: A critical realist perspective.Organization,12(2), pp.197-222. Hatch, M.J. and Cunliffe, A.L., 2013.Organization theory: modern, symbolic and postmodern perspectives. Oxford university press. Hatch, M.J. and Schultz, M., 2010. Toward a theory of brand co-creation with implications for brand governance1.Journal of Brand Management,17(8), pp.590-604. Hosking, D.M. and McNamee, S. eds., 2006.The social construction of organization. Oslo: Liber. King, B.G., Felin, T. and Whetten, D.A., 2010. PerspectiveFinding the organization in organizational theory: A meta-theory of the organization as a social actor.Organization Science,21(1), pp.290-305. Lenski, G.E., 2013.Power and privilege: A theory of social stratification. UNC Press Books. Mahoney, J. and Thelen, K. eds., 2009.Explaining institutional change: ambiguity, agency, and power. Cambridge University Press. Manning, K., 2012.Organizational theory in higher education. Routledge. March, J.G., 2013.Handbook of Organizations (RLE: Organizations)(Vol. 20). Routledge. McKinley, W., 2010. Organizational theory development: Displacement of ends?.Organization Studies,31(1), pp.47-68. Mendenhall, M.E., 2012.Global leadership: Research, practice, and development. Routledge. Putnam, L.L. and Mumby, D.K. eds., 2013.The SAGE handbook of organizational communication: Advances in theory, research, and methods. Sage Publications. Shafritz, J.M., Ott, J.S. and Jang, Y.S., 2015.Classics of organization theory. Cengage Learning. Tsoukas, H. and Knudsen, C., 2005.The Oxford handbook of organization theory. Oxford Handbooks.