Juvenelian Satire in A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift...

Effectively ushering change in society or pointing out faults that have existed and gone unnoticed can be a daunting task for any social commentator. Often, blandly protesting grievances or concerns can fall upon deaf ears and change can be slow or non-existent. However, Jonathan Swift in his pamphlet A Modest Proposal, uses clever, targeted, and ironic criticism to bring the social state of Ireland to the attention of indolent aristocrats. He accomplishes such criticism through satire, specifically Juvenalian satire. Swift’s A Modest Proposal stands as an example of the type of satire that plays upon the audience’s emotion by creating anger concerning the indifference of the voice created. He complements such criticism with sophisticated,†¦show more content†¦This fact arouses anger, in that the audience realizes the proposer seems indifferent to the fact that he is proposing to murder thousands of children. Contrastingly, such morally unconventional solutions would not exist in a calmer, straight forward Horatian satire. Yet, even in evaluating how anger is emotionally imposed on the audience due to the absurdity of the proposal, it’s impossible to disregard the role of humor. There are obvious elements of humor throughout the proposal and amusement in the very nature of the proposal is expected. However, any sense of humor abruptly disappears at the heart of the critism. When the proposer begins stating â€Å"I can think of no one objection that will possibly be raised against this proposal† the humor stops and the voice of Swift, as well as sharp criticism, begins. Although humor may be an integral part of the proposal and certainly a partial indication of the use of Horatian satire, the fact that humor isn’t present throughout the whole proposal suggests that the use of hilarity is secondary. Rather, this contrast of humor and emotionally imposed irritation only helps to emphasize the role of anger. This is espec ially evident when one considers the irony that litters the humorous proposal. Swift’s development of the absurd proposalShow MoreRelatedSatire Modest Proposal Essay837 Words   |  4 Pagesears and change can be slow or non-existent. However some social commentators, such as Jonathan Swift in his pamphlet A Modest Proposal, use clever, targeted, and ironic criticism to bring the social state of Ireland to the attention of indolent aristocrats. He accomplishes such criticism through satire, specifically Juvenanlian satire. Swift’s A Modest Proposal stands as a perfect example of the type of satire that plays upon the audience’s emotion by creating anger concerning the indifference of

Essay on Prison Violence - 2678 Words

When we do research on daily prison life, we come across two typical but less than ideal situations: either social imaginaries cloud our judgment or information provided by the prisons themselves hide certain weak or bad aspects that they do not want to make public. We can also find information on TV, but most of the time it either exaggerates or minimizes the facts. In order to obtain more reliable information, we have to have access to people who are working or have worked in this institution, and such will be the sources of this essay. We will be describing and giving examples of prison violence according to three types of violence: sexual, physical and psychological violence. First of all, one of the types of prison violence - which†¦show more content†¦If the newcomer is heterosexual the typical practical joke consists on one hardened criminal tricking him or her to have sex under the pretext of protecting the newcomer against other prisoners if they do so. It is a crue l joke because the joker has previously informed several people what the newcomer will do. The heterosexual loses his dignity because from that moment on he or she will be seen as homosexual or bisexual, anyway, as a weak, coward and fearful person. If the newcomer is a rapist, he or she wont be lucky. It is incredible, but all types of prisoners -except for rapists- really loathe rapists. Prisoners will take revenge for what rapists have done to society, and this revenge will be even worse if they were imprisoned due to rape of children or elderly people. As it was stated before, prison sexual violence can also be performed by paying for sex or sexual favors. There are two types of payment: drugs or benefits. If the prisoner is a drug addict, he or she will need to satisfy his or her addiction, so the addict will have to sell his or her body in order to get money to pay for the drugs which can only be acquired from prisoners who have more power or who belong to a powerful gang or g roup in prison who can acquire the drugs. Prisons are as micro-societies where all the negative values are exacerbated and the positive ones reduced. As in all societies, there is also a market, illegal and difficult to beatShow MoreRelatedViolence in Prisons2027 Words   |  9 Pageswant to go to prison. One of the main reasons is the violence, and this violence occurs in every prison around the world. Violence can be attributed to rape, overcrowding, gangs and to the particular justice systems. These justice systems include such countries as Brazil where violent episodes that include beheadings have occurred. Much of the prison crisis has been blamed on delays in the country’s legal system. This is because of how inmates receive extended sentences and poor prison managementRead MorePrison Gang Integration And Inmate Violence1400 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The reality of prison gangs cannot be over look. Many inmates join gangs for safety and protection during their incarceration. â€Å"Prison gangs is an organization which operates within prison systems as a self-perpetuating entity, consisting a group of inmates who establishes and organize chain of commands† (Pyrooz Mitchell). They also are governed by an established prison code. Research has shown that prison gangs have effects on non-gang members and the prison system. I will examine tenRead More No Prison Time for Juvenile Crime and Violence Essay882 Words   |  4 Pages No Prison Time for Juvenile Crime nbsp; Students are shooting up schools across the country. Kids as young as twelve and thirteen are being convicted of murdering their peers. Right here in Hanover, two teens have been charged with the murders of Dartmouth professors. Although juvenile crime across the country may not be on the rise, high publicity, headline-grabbing juvenile-perpetrated homicides certainly are. nbsp; Prosecutors, attempting to satiate public demand for justice, haveRead More Gangs and Violence in The Prison System Essay2007 Words   |  9 PagesGangs and Violence in the Prison System Introduction Gang violence is nationwide and is one of the most prominent problems in the prison system today. Gangs are known to attempt to control the prisons/jails, instill fear within the prison system and throughout the society, and bring negative attention to the system. â€Å"Gang affiliated inmates comprise about 18 percent of the 18000 inmate population.†(Seabrook) A growing numbers of inmates and a large amount of them serving longer sentences forRead MoreTorture and Custodial Violence in Prisons12554 Words   |  51 PagesNational Human Rights Commission, New Delhi, India Project Report On â€Å" Torture and Custodial Violence in Prisons â€Å" Submitted By- Yashwardhan Pratap Singh 1st year, B.A.LLB Course, Jindal Global Law School, O.P. Jindal Global University, Sonipat, Haryana. Report on - The Custodial Violence and Torture In Prisons: Can it be justified even if done for a greater good? Where to draw the line between the autonomy of the police and the rights of the prisoners ? Basic StructureRead MoreHow Prison Life Really Works Essay1305 Words   |  6 PagesHow prison life really works Prison life is much harsher than jail. In prison you stay inside until you are done with your sentence or until you die; jail is nothing compared to prison. Each prisoner is locked out from the outside world. Each inmate is in there for different crimes they have committed outside and inside the prison. It is very interesting to see how the inmates survive in prison and how they adapt to their new lives because in prison they are blocked from the outside world. TheRead MoreA Report By Mother Jones Reporter Shane Bauer Essay1475 Words   |  6 PagesJones reporter Shane Bauer, who worked as a prison guard for four months to research his article, says that one fifth of prison inmates have been physically assaulted by another prisoner or a guard. Between 3% and 9% of male inmates say they have been sexually assaulted behind bars suggesting that up to 180,000 current inmates may have been sexually assaulted of which only 8,800 cases have been officially reported. Women, who form 7% of the total prison population, have higher figures for sexual victimizationRead MorePrisons Are A Violent Dangerous And Hospitable Place For Any Person1666 Words   |  7 Pages Prisons are a violent, dangerous and hospitable place for any person. A significant amount of academic research and literature exists on the underlying causes of prison tension, violence and misbehaviour within the prison system. Pre 1950 violent outbreaks in the where a largely rare occurrence. Post 1950 violence and riots become a more common occurrence within the prison system. Literature around this issue suggests three main theories of approach when examining the fundamental causes of prisonRead MorePrison Is The Most Common Form Of Criminal Punishment1289 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION: A prison is a facility that holds offenders who have been convicted, or found guilty, of serious crimes. The government use prisons to keep them in the custody of the state and under a controlled environment for a certain amount of time, which varies depending upon the circumstances of their confinement; also, these facilities are used to separate them from society. Prisons propose education and health care to their inmates, but also offer danger to them. Prisons are a serious placeRead MoreThe Code And Norms Of Prison1146 Words   |  5 PagesPeople who suddenly find themselves sentenced to prison usually face a great deal of fear and uncertainty. These feelings stem from the differences that an inmate experiences versus how a â€Å"civilian† experiences life on the outside of prison. Accepted societal norms put aside for the codes and norms of prison inmates. Examples of the different experiences can be found when the convicted person first enters the prison. There are a series of steps they take through the processing center and they

What Is Computer Architecture Essay Example For Students

What Is Computer Architecture Essay Computer Architecture 1. There have been a lot of developments in microprocessors since the 286 chip. The 286 CPU are no longer sold and are very rarely found in commercial use today because of its running speed, which is between 10MHz to 20MHz. This processor has a 24-bit address bus, and is able to address up to 16 million different address locations. It also has two operating modes, which are real mode and protected mode. The real mode is basically for normal DOS operations and it uses only 8086 code (8086 was the previous CPU). When it was in protected mode the CPU is able to access beyond the 1mb address limit and employed its added features, which were intended for multi-tasking operations such as Windows, but this CPU is not powerful enough to carry out these multi-tasking operations. The 286 came with a bus width of 16-bit internal, 24-bit address, and 16-bit external, with an external speed of between 6MHz – 25MHz, and an internal speed of between 6MHz – 25MHz. The next CPU was the 386, this is also no longer produced it had a slightly faster running speeds which are between 16MHz to 40MHz. This CPU could carry out effective multi tasking operations. It also had a substantial improvement in both memory management and it had an enlarged instruction set. It is also the minimum CPU for running windows. It came in two types the 386 SX and the 386 DX. The SX had a 32-bit internal data path but it only had a 16-bit path between the CPU and the computer memory. The DX on the other hand had a 32-bit data bus between the CPU and the memory chips allowing larger data transfers so it had faster through put. It also was able to use external cache memory, usually about 64k, which also improved performance. The 386 came in two different types they both had a internal bus width of 32 bit, the SX had a address bus width of 24 bit, and a external bus width of 16 bit, its internal and external speed was between 16MHz – 33MHz. The DX however had an a ddress and external bus width of 32 bit, its internal and external speed was between 33MHz–40MHz. The 486 were the next CPU, this is still produced, there was little change to the 386 instruction set, but the 486 ran at speeds between 20MHz to 100MHz. There was more emphasis placed on the enhancements to improve the performance. It was also available in the DX and SX varieties. The difference between them was that the DX had a maths co-processor the SX did not, the Motherboards that used the 486SX chip had a spare maths co-processor socket to upgrade to a DX. The 486 chip because of its design to carry out the most common instructions in a single clock cycle this was a faster than the previous CPUs. It also had 8k of bit in cache memory, the new burst mode it had, allowed memory transfers from consecutive memory locations to be carried out at one clock cycle. The 486 came in four different types they all had a bus width of 32 bit (internal, address, and external), with an external speed of between 20MHz – 50MHz. The differences between them were in the internal speeds of t he CPU. The SX had an internal speed of between 20MHz – 50MHz, the DX had an internal speed of between 25MHz – 50MHz, the DX2 had an internal speed of between 50MHz – 66MHz. The DX4 had an internal speed of between 100MHz – 120MHz, which was actually faster than the bottom of the Pentium range. The Pentium CPU came and is the current entry level standard for computers. This CPU is effectively two that are in the one chip. This then allows two instructions to be executed in parallel, which means it greatly speeds up throughput. It also has the main mathematical operations hard wired into the chip this then means that it can be up to ten times faster than the 486DX maths coprocessor can. All the Pentium models are supercalar. The basic chip has two integer processing pipelines. It also has a branch prediction facility which is 90% of the time correctly predicts the flow of the program and fetches the instruction from the buffer area. This type of CPU has a specially designed high performance Floating Point Unit and a 16 bit internal cache. The Pentium CPUs have a bus width of 232-bit internal, 32-bit address, and 64-bit external, with an external speed of between 33MHz – 83MHz, and an internal speed of between 63MHz – 233MHz. 2. The term RAM stands for random access memory which is a storage device made up of silicon chips. A computer has two types of RAM these use arrays of transistor switches to store the binary data or in other words the switches on the chips can change, which is done by an electrical current being passed through them. This type of memory is volatile which means that any information that is in it when the computer is switched off is then lost, apart from the program which is being run at that time which is unaffected as it is only a copy of it. This then means that the users created data has to be saved before the computer is switched off. The term ROM stands for read only memory that can only be read but cannot be written to. This type of memory is not volatile this means that all the switches on the silicon chips are already set, which means that any information that is in it when the computer is switched off is then kept. The computer BIOS is stored in this type of chip so that the basic computer control programs are available as soon as the computer is switched on so it can operate. These ROM chips cannot be changed unlike the RAM chips. The computer also sets the patterns on these chips form commands, information or programs that the needs to operate. This means the data is hard-wired into the ROM chip. You can store the chip forever and the data will always be there. Besides, the data is very secure. The BIOS is stored on ROM because the user cannot disrupt the information. There are different types of ROM, too:1. Programmable ROM (PROM). This is basically a blank ROM chip that can be written to, but only once. I t is much like a CD-R drive that burns the data into the CD. Some companies use special machinery to write Proms for special purposes. 2. Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM). This is just like PROM, except that you can erase the ROM by shining a special ultra-violet light into a sensor atop the ROM chip for a certain amount of time. Doing this wipes the data out, allowing it to be rewritten. Population Growth Essay2- Transfer the data. 3- Telling it what it wants to do. 4. The diagram on the last page shows how CPU registers are used, the diagram is called the Fetch / Execute Cycle, and there is two main parts, the fetch cycle and the execute cycle. These cycles can be divided into a more specific description of how the registers are used, the fetch part of the cycle is the same regardless of the instruction but the instructions will change in the execute part of the cycle. This cycle can be broken down into a more detailed account of how the various registers are used they are detailed below. Registers, are specialized storage areas, these are used to hold information temporarily while it is being decoded. Each of these registers has a defined purpose to carry out so that the computer can operate effectively. A General-purpose registers that are used for performing arithmetic functions. A Current instruction registers that contain both the operator and the operand of the current instruction. The Program Counter is the register that holds the address of the next instruction to be carried out these instruction are automatically incremented to the next instruction. But when the current instruction is a branch or jump instruction, then that address is copied from the instruction to the Program Counter. The Program Counter is copied to the Memory Address Register which hold the address of the memory locations from which information will be read or to which data will be written and occasionally. It will hold the address of the instruction in the fetch cycle and the information to be used in an instruction in the execute cycle. Memory data registers are used to temporarily store information read from or written to the memory. Data goes here before it goes to the Current Instruction Register where it is decoded. Once the instruction has been decoded the operand of the instruction is put in the MAR and the data will then be copied to the MDR. Any transfers of data from memory go via the MDR. The MDR and the MAR serve the system as screen registers, this allows for the difference in speed between the CPU and the memory. The CIR or Current Instruction Register is where the instruction is copied to it holds both the operator and the operand of the current instruction If the Fetch / Execute cycle is interrupted by more information then it will stack the cycle between the fetch and execute phase then deal with the new data and return to the interrupted cycle. The test for interrupts is only carried out at the end of each instruction cycle. When the item in the MDR is added to the Accumulator the whole operation carries on returning to the fetch cycle. The Accumulator is the register that carries out arithmetical functions. The status registers contain bits that are carried bases on the result of an instruction. They also contain information on interrupts to information to get a priority on less important information. All these steps are added to the program counter. Between each stage of this cycle the data is carried on busses that take it to the address part or the data part of the cycle. There are different types of bus here are two examples. The Address Bus carries addresses so that the required locations can be accessed so they can read or write data. The Data Bus transfers the information to the correct memory location. This then means from the diagram the fetch part of the cycle carries all the data to the correct one of the execute part of the cycle. The fetch part of the cycle is common while the execute part of the cycle varies. The fetch-execute cycle is as follows:The address of the instruction is copied from the PC and held in the MAR. The instruction (e.g., add x), is placed into the MDR where it is temporarily stored. The instruction (add x), is then copied to the CIR. The PC now moves on to the next instruction, (e.g., add y). While in the CIR the instruction is decoded, this determines what the instruction has to do, (add). The operand part of the instruction, (x) is then copied to the MAR. The data item (e.g., 3), whose address is still stored in the MAR, is copied to the MDR. The item held in the MDR (3) is then added to the accumulator. The process is then repeated for the next instruction, (add y). The accumulator works as follows:For example, value x = 3, y = 4, z = 7Instructions add x, add y, add zAccumulator Value = 0â€Å" = 3â€Å" = 7â€Å" = 14The root of the single cycle processor’s problems:The cycle time has to be long enough for the slowest instruction (load)Solution:Break the instruction into smaller stepsExecute each step (instead of the entire instruction) in one cycleCycle time: time it takes to execute the longest step Keep all the steps to have similar lengthUse a register to save a signal’s value whenever a signal is generated in one clock cycle and used in another cycle laterThe advantages of the multiple cycle processor:Cycle time is much shorterDifferent instructions take different number of cycles to completeLoad takes five cyclesJump only takes three cyclesAllows a functional unit to be used more than once per instruction (though requires more muxes, registers)Well, the root of these problems of course is that facts that the Single Cycle Processor’s cycle time has to be long enough for the slowest instruction. The solution is simple. Just break the instruction into smaller steps and instead of executing an entire instruction in one cycle, we will execute each of these steps in one cycle. Since the cycle time in this case will then be the time it takes to execute the longest step, our goal should be keeping all the steps to have similar length when we break up the instruction. Well the last two bullets pretty much summarise what a multiple cycle processor is all about. The first advantage of the multiple cycle processor is of course shorter cycle time than the single cycle processor. The cycle time now only has to be long enough to execute part of the instruction (point to â€Å"breaking into steps). But may be more importantly, now different instructions can take different number of cycles to complete. For example:(1) The load instruction will take five cycles to complete. (2) But the Jump instruction will only take three cycles. This feature greatly reduces the idle time inside the processor. Finally, the multiple cycle implementation allows a functional unit to be used more than once per instruction as long as it is used on different clock cycles. For example, we can use the ALU to increment the Program Counter as well as doing address calculation. Computers and Internet